-Bhushan Raut Introduction The most difficult cases in criminal law are not the ones where the law is silent, but where it speaks and it produces an answer that feels normatively unsatisfying. The Delhi High Court’s order in the Unnao rape case is one such instance. Few cases more starkly demonstrate the abuse of power, … Continue reading Between Text and Purpose: Interpreting “Public Servant” Under POCSO
-Advait Sharma and Bhadra Anil “In a world coded without consequence, shadows become the currency and silence the law.” Introduction In any society where substantial transactions occur, be it in markets, industries, or the virtual world, in the absence of robust regulatory oversight, crime inevitably concurs to exploit the system or leverage it for greater … Continue reading Trading Shadows: Money Laundering & Insider Deals in the Metaverse’s Legal Void
- Kush Taparia, Hanshita Sharma “The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding.” - Justice Louis D. Brandeis Introduction The recent ruling of the Supreme Court ["SC"] in Imran Pratapgadhi v. State of Gujarat [“Imran Pratapgadhi”] has once again brought into focus the ambiguity and uncertainty … Continue reading From Mandate to Discretion: How Imran Pratapgadhi Reconfigures the Understanding of FIR Jurisprudence
-Ayush Gupta Introduction The long and contentious aspect of solitary confinement has always been a topic of debate in criminal law jurisprudence, which raises serious human rights and legal concerns. Keeping inmates in confinement for prolonged hours without meaningful human contact has been criticized globally for its harmful physiological and psychological effects. This practice is … Continue reading How Judicial Permissiveness Sustains Solitary Confinement in Indian Prisons
- Vaani Negi Introduction Adolescence, the latest four-episode miniseries on Netflix, has been rapidly gaining acclaim, and deservedly so. The series delves into the harrowing aftermath of a 13-year-old boy being accused of murder. The narrative reveals school-going children looking for direction from a digital world that warps their perceptions, rather than from teachers no … Continue reading Penalising Adolescent Bodily Agency: Is It Time to Revisit Consent under the POCSO Act?
-Tanya Sara George Introduction As per a 2024 FATF report, most domestic money laundering operations are conducted through open sources and social media networks. Initially designed as neutral forums for communication under Section 2(w) of the IT Act of 2000, these platforms have evolved into dual-purpose entities, facilitating not just digital interactions but financial transactions. … Continue reading Digital Platforms and Dirty Money: Addressing Financial Non-Regulation within Social Media Platforms
~ By Akshat Patria The Delhi High Court recently, in the case of Adnan Nisar v. Directorate of Enforcement, passed a significant verdict expanding the scope of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (hereinafter referred to as the PMLA) to the offences committed outside India. The Hon’ble High Court has clearly held that an … Continue reading Adnan Nisar v. Directorate of Enforcement: Highlighting the Cross-Border Implications of the PMLA
-Mohamed Thahir Sulaiman INTRODUCTION In its recent judgment in Jalaluddin Khan v. Union of India, the Supreme Court has reemphasized the well-established principle that "bail is the rule, jail is the exception," even in cases arising under special statutes like the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 (‘UAPA’). However, this ruling conflicts with the Court's earlier … Continue reading REAFFIRMING THE LIBERAL BAIL JURISPRUDENCE
- Insha Pani While the nation’s historic overhaul of the three major criminal laws captured national and international attention, another significant development is breathing its way quietly but powerfully is the introduction of the E-Sakshya Mobile application—part of a broader digital transformation within the criminal justice system. The E-Sakshya app, developed in consonance with Sections … Continue reading E-SAKSHYA APPLICATION: STREAMLINING JUSTICE WHILE ADDING LAYERS OF COMPLEXITIES
-Yash Sharan Introduction In the first half of 2024, the lawmakers of the United States of America (“US”) have taken cognizance of the cases involving prisoners undergoing long-term sentences. For instance, the state of Oklahoma in the US passed a law that would reduce sentences for those criminals who are victims of domestic violence. This … Continue reading REDEMPTION AND REFORM: ANALYSING THE ‘SECOND CHANCES’ LEGISLATION IN AMERICA’S CRIMINAL JUSTICE LANDSCAPE
-Sharnam Agarwal Introduction Every day in India, 86 women are reported as victims of rape, according to the National Crime Records Bureau [“NCRB”]. Among these harrowing statistics, the most disturbing trend is the 96% increase in child rape cases from 2016 to 2022. A recent judgment by the Rajasthan High Court in Suwalal v. State … Continue reading Beyond Technicalities: A Call for Judicial Sensitivity in Indian Rape Cases
- Yushmita Sidar. Introduction “When the only proof against a person charged with a criminal offence is the evidence of an accomplice, uncorroborated in any material particular, it is the duty of the judge to warn the jury that it is unsafe to convict any person upon such evidence, though they have a legal right … Continue reading From Untrustworthy to Trustworthy? The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam’s Mandatory Corroboration of Accomplice Evidence
- This blog has been authored by Anmol Yadav. The author is 3rd year student of B.A. L.LB. (Hons.) at Faculty of Law, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. In the complex discourse surrounding capital punishment, the consideration of mitigating factors becomes paramount, particularly when viewed through the lens of the Biopsychosocial Model. This interdisciplinary framework, encompassing biological, … Continue reading Capital Punishment: Mitigating Factors in Light of The Biopsychosocial Model
-Shruti Mishra Introduction Premature release entails a prisoner’s release before the completion of his judicially ordained sentence. States may grant premature release to convicts owing to several factors, as laid down in the case of Bir Singh v. State of Himachal Pradesh, which includes good conduct by the prisoner, no commission of jail offence, prisoner’s … Continue reading Unconstitutionality of Premature Release: Examining the Abuse of Remission Policies
- Vedant Choudhary The Law Commission of India in its 283rd report, titled, ‘Age of Consent under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012’ has recommended against amending the age of consent under the POCSO Act. This negative recommendation comes in light of growing cases of romantic relationships between minors, where de facto … Continue reading The 283rd Law Commission Report – Better If Not Implemented
~By Vasundhara Mehta Introduction Recently, during my time at the chambers of the Hon’ble Mr Justice S. Ravindra Bhat, Judge, Supreme Court of India, I encountered the quagmire posed by consensual adolescent relationships in India. Almost every day at the Apex Court, I would hear the advocates state that the ‘victim’, a minor girl has … Continue reading On POCSO and the Need for a Balancing Act to Navigate the Quandary Posed by Consensual Adolescent Relationships
- Rushil Batra On 13.02.2023, a single judge bench of the Allahabad HC gave a rather interesting judgment in the case of Suneeta Pandey v State of UP wherein it held that women can be prosecuted for the offence of gang rape under Section 376D of the IPC. This conclusion is interesting since generally rape as an offence is seen … Continue reading The Conundrum of Women being Prosecuted for Gangrape
A person should not be condemned without knowing why. One would think that this precept is not a point of debate in the legal system of a constitutional, democratic, republic. After all what personifies the shift from a culture of impunity and subservience to one of justification than the ability of individual citizens to ask … Continue reading Justice in Courts of Inquisition? The Delhi High Court on UAPA Remand Extensions
-Madhav Aggarwal INTRODUCTION The Supreme Court in its recent judgement in the case of Manoj v. State of MP laid down guidelines to be adhered to in cases pertaining to offences that can lead to a death sentence. It held that for sentencing, the jail authorities must produce a contemporaneous psychological and psychiatric report of … Continue reading EXECUTION OF DEATH SENTENCE AFTER TREATING MENTAL ILLNESS
-Sofia Dash & Ahan Gadkari Introduction The recent Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 (“CP Act”) has spurred nationwide debates amongst human rights activists and the government officials. The CP Act, which aimed at replacing the archaic Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920,permits law enforcement officers to collect identifiable information of all convicts, arrested persons, and detainees, … Continue reading A Not So ‘Fair’ & Lovely Criminal System
-Sakshi Komal Dubey Arrests are so fundamental to how we view law enforcement; we frequently assess the effectiveness of the police by the number of arrests they make. The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (“Code”) does not define the term “Arrest”. Having no standard definition, however, it can be defined as, when an officer takes … Continue reading ‘SHOWN ARREST’: A PRACTICE TO BE NIPPED IN THE BUD
-Srinjoy Debnath INTRODUCTION For an act to be criminal, a person should not only commit an offense but should also have mens rea or guilty mind; but what happens when someone commits an illegal act but did not have the knowledge that it was criminal or illegal? The maxim Ignorantia Juris Non Excusat which … Continue reading MISTAKE OF LAW DEFENSE: A TOOL FOR SAVING INNOCENTS FROM INCARCERATION
-Aarushi Jain Recently, the apex court in Tofan singh v. State of Tamil Nadu held that the horizons of Section 25 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (hereinafter 'IEA') extend to the statements recorded under Section 67 of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (hereinafter 'NDPS Act'). The definition of 'police officer' under … Continue reading Judicial Quandary on ‘Police Officers’ Under Section 25 IEA and Special Statutes
-Nehaol Sri L V Two criminal cases with conflicting versions arising out of the same incident are called as counter or cross-cases[2] These cases represent opposing views of the same incident happening at the same time and space, and are usually seen at the level of trial courts. There is no standard definition or procedure … Continue reading Procedure in the Trial of Counter/Cross cases
-Abhinav Sekhri "He was a humble man who shunned publicity and lived a quiet life. He was born in Cologne, Germany ... [and] came to America as an immigrant with a middle school education. ... He bought his first building in Los Angeles when he was 21, an endeavour that bloomed into a real estate … Continue reading A Cross-Country Caper and Constitutional Criminal Procedure
-Devvrat Singh and Nishita Gupta Introduction The Supreme Court recently stayed an order of the Bombay High Court discharging Professor G.N. Saibaba in an alleged Maoist links case under the UAPA (Unlawful Activities Prevention Act). The effect of the order was that professor Saibaba who happens to be wheelchair bound and suffering from 90% disability … Continue reading Interpreting Sanction for Prosecution under UAPA in the light of GN Saibaba verdict
-By Shreyas Sinha Introduction The Latin term ‘mens rea’ refers to the mental element of a criminal act, i.e., a legally-determined state of mind required to convict an individual of a criminal offence. A person can be said to possess the requisite mens rea vis-à-vis a criminal offence when – (1) they are aware that … Continue reading The Mens Rea of Fraud: Lessons from the Great White North
~By Pragun Goyal Introduction Section 313 of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (“CrPC”) has a profane silhouette around it. After the prosecution has closed its evidence, the accused is given an opportunity to explain the incriminating matter in evidence against him or her. No matter how bleak or scanty the prosecution evidence is, the court has to provide an opportunity … Continue reading Preserving the silence: Different spheres of Section 313 CrPC and Article 20(3) of the Indian Constitution
-By Kashish Khandelwal In Riley v California, while holding that an accused cannot be forced by the police to reveal their password, the US Supreme Court observed that owing to the rapid development of technology, the majority of the people “typically carry a cache of sensitive personal information” in their pockets. However, this has also … Continue reading Virendra Khanna v State of Karnataka –Passwords and the Dilution of the Right Against Self-Incrimination
-By Mujeeb Ur Rehman “A person is innocent until proven guilty” This is one of the most sacred principles of the criminal justice system, regardless of jurisdiction of which it belongs to; and in order to prove any person guilty, evidence against him/her is a mandatory requirement. Here the criminal justice system fails to believe … Continue reading Preservation of Evidence: Need of our Criminal Justice System
